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A non-government information service on Turkey
Un service d'information non-gouvernemental sur la Turquie


212

18th Year - N°212
June 1994
38 rue des Eburons - 1000 Bruxelles
Tél: (32-2) 215 35 76 - Fax: (32-2) 215 58 60
 Rédacteur en chef: Dogan Özgüden - Editrice responsable: Inci Tugsavul
 

URGENT APPEAL

    Defying the international opinion, the Ciller-Karayalcin Government, in collaboration with the military, has gone beyond all limits imaginable in the violation of human rights in Turkey.
    According to the monthly reports of the Human Rights Association of Turkey (IHD), "the ignorance in Turkey of extra-judicial executions, tortures, crimes of conscience and the ban on a free press and publications presents a very thought-provoking picture."
    Prime Minister Ciller, renewing on May 31 her declaration that the anti-terrorism struggle was being conducted with great success, contradicted a previous statement that the PKK would be beaten this summer by saying that the battle would now be over by the end of year.
    On the pretext of fighting terrorism, hundreds of Kurdish villages have been bombed and destroyed, thousands of innocent people detained and tortured, political parties and associations closed, newspapers and books confiscated, journalists, academics and authors imprisoned. 
    Victims of Article 8 of the Anti-Terror Law, 98 journalists, writers and publishers were in jail by May 31, the IHD reported.  They face a total of 348 years in prison.
    Since then:
    The Democracy Party (DEP), the only legal party defending the Kurdish people's rights,  was closed down on June 16 by the Constitutional Court.
    The total prison term of Turkish sociologist Ismail Besikci, who is currently in prison for his articles on the Kurdish Question, climbed to 42 years and the total of fines to TL 3 billion and 18 million by a series of successive condemnations at the State Security Courts.
    Currently, among hundreds of convicts of opinion, six members of Parliament, Leyla Zana, Mahmut Alniak, Hatip Dicle, Orhan Dogan, Sirri Sakik and Ahmet Türk; a former mayor, Mehdi Zana; a trade union leader, Münir Ceylan; two academics, Ismail Besikci and Fikret Baskaya; an artist, Kemal Sahir Güler; a lawyer, Ahmet Zeki Okcuoglu; and ; three publishers, Ayse Nur Zarakolu, Sirri Öztürk, Selim Okcuoglu and Ünsal Öztürk are serving their punishments in different prisons.

An urgent appeal from France

    "At the same time as we are celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Normandy landings and honouring the victims of past barbarities, close at hand, in an allied country armed and financed by our democratic regimes, in an atmosphere of general indifference, a people long ill-treated by history is suffering systematic destruction of its villages, the forced depopulation if its towns and the decimation of its intelligentsia."
    An announcement by French organizations appeared in Le Monde and The International Herald Tribune, respectively on June 8 and June 9, 1994, started with these words.
    Agir ensemble pour les Droits de l'Homme, Agir ici, CGT, CIMADE, Comité national de solidarité au peuple kurde, CRIDEV, Fédération internationale des Ligues des Droits de l'Homme, Fédération internationale des SOS-Racisme, Fondation France-Libertés, FSU, LICRA, Maison du Monde, Médecins du Monde, MRAP, Nouveaux Droits de l'Homme, Peuples Solidaires, SNES, SNESup, SOS-Racisme, Terre des Hommes-France and Comité de Défense des Libertés et des Droits de l'Homme resume the atrocity in Turkish Kurdistan in following terms:
    "Every month about thirty Kurdish villages are wiped off the map, forests are burned, several Oradours [a village, in France, wiped out by the SS in 1944] are perpetrated under cover of 'the fight against terrorism.' Public opinion and the international community remain silent.
    "In the face of an intense disinformation campaign from Ankara, which tends to reduce the problems and aspirations of the 15 million Kurds in Turkey to "PKK terrorism", the undersigned non-governmental organisations, which support the Kurdish civilian population but oppose all forms of violence, wish to bring the following facts to the attention of the public."
    After giving a provisional list of Kurdish villages destroyed by the Turkish Army, the announcement says:
    "The Kurdish towns of Sirnak, Kulp, Lice and Cukurca, have been physically destroyed to a great extent and become ghost towns. half the population of others, like Cizre, Silvan, Idil, Midyat and Nusaybin have fled as a result of a policy of terror and assassination carried out by Turkish security forces. In the last two years they have assassinated 1638 Kurdish intellectuals, political personalities, trade unionists and teachers, including the Kurdish poet Musa Anter, 74 years of age, Member of Parliament Mehmet Sincar and 72 other cadres of his Democracy Party (DEP) and 34 journalists and newsagents.
    "Many thousands of Kurdish political activists are in prison, solely because of their opinions. Amongst these are deputies Leyla Zana, Mahmut Alniak, Hatip Dicle, Orhan Dogan, Sirri Sakik and Ahmet Türk, who have been in preventive detention since March 4th and risk death sentences for their opinions; Mehdi Zana, former Mayor of Diyarbakir, who had already spent 15 years in prison and is now serving a 4 years sentence for his testimony before the European Parliament. Turkish sociologist Ismail Besikci, who has already spent 12 years in jail for his writings on the Kurdish question and is back in prison for another 5 years; 64 journalists and many university lecturers and lawyers.
    "Since January 1, 1994, 5899 people have been taken into custody and tortured, 164 have died or 'disappeared' while held incommunicado (officially 15 days, renewable). As a result of this systematic policy of State Terrorism since 1980 half the population of the Kurdish provinces has been driven out. It is clearly the Turkish authorities aim to depopulate Kurdistan, destroy the territorial basis of the Kurdish question and scatter the Kurdish people so as to insure assimilation. This is in the spirit  of the traditional Turkish policy of 'ethnic recomposition of the country'. This began with the genocide of Armenians, was followed by the expulsion of 1,200,000 Greeks from Anatolia in the 1920s and now is to be completed by the scattering of the Kurds, the last indigenous non-Turkish community in the country.
    "All these facts are well known to our governments who also know that the war in Kurdistan has already caused more than 15,000 deaths and cost the Turkish Government over $25 billion.
    "We are thus all the more indignant at their refusal to punish Turkey, which they continue to accept in our Western institutions, such as the Council of Europe and NATO, thus giving it a completely undeserved certificate of good conduct.
    "The undersigned organisations consider that, in the present situation, any state selling arms to Turkey or providing it with economic aid, which is being diverted for this war, is an accomplice of Turkey's campaign of destruction and depopulation in Turkish Kurdistan.
    "They urge Western Democracies to act decisively to persuade their Turkish ally to stop persecuting the Kurdish people and to initiate a political solution for the Kurdish question under their aegis of the CSCE, the European Union or UN. If Ankara persists in its present policy, they should withdraw all political, economic, financial or military support and exclude Turkey from Western institutions where its presence can only discredit and dishonour the West."

DEMOCRACY PARTY (DEP) CLOSED

    The Democracy Party (DEP), the only legal party defending the Kurdish people's rights,  was closed down on June 16 by the Constitutional Court and thirteen Kurdish deputies have been deprived of their legislative functions. As six of these deputies are still in prison, the Ankara SSC has already announced that seven others too would be jailed for separatist declarations.
    On this decision, former DEP Chairman Yasar Kaya and five DEP deputies, Remzi Kartal, Mahmut Kilinc, Zübeyir Aydar, Nizamettin Toguc and Ali Yigit held a press conference in Brussels on June 17 and announced that would open an international campaign against this anti-democratic decision.
    By the side of these deputies, yogether with two others who stayed in Turkey, Sedat Yurttas and Selim Sadak, all face the menace of arrest by the Ankara SSC Prosecutor.
    Prior to the decision of closure, in solidarity with the Democracy Party (DEP), an international bureau had been opened in Brussels, on May 26, 1994.
    The opening ceremony of the International Bureau for Solidarity with DEP was attended by the DEP Honorary President, Yasar Kaya, DEP Deputy-Chairman Remzi Kartal as well as by Belgian and Kurdish deputies.
    Addressing to the meeting, Yasar Kaya said: "DEP is not an ordinary party. It was based on the heritage of 56 martyrs of its successor, the People's Labour Party (HEP), closed down by the Constitutional Court. DEP is a political party fighting for democracy and human rights in Turkey. DEP is a democratic mass party raising the democratic demands of the Kurdish people.
    "I underlines that DEP is not a separatist party. It is leading the struggle for democracy and Kurdish people's rights within he integrity of Turkey.  Today, in Turkish Parliament, none of the other parties can recognise the Kurdish identity and can edit a report on the Kurdish Question. The principal reason of this situation is the 70-year old ban on the matter.
    "The honorary president of any political party does not lead the party's political activities.  Loyal to the party's ideological stand and programme, he remains as  an observer and makes moral and intellectual contributions. However, I am not in such a situation. The president of my party, Hatip Dicle, and our deputies, Ahmet Türk, Leyla Zana, Sirri Sakik and Orhan Dogan are in prison for over 70 days. The party headquarters was destroyed on February 2 by en explosion killing one person and wounding 16 people. Earlier, on September 4, 1993, our deputies were shot, deputy Mehmet Sincar, two provincial party officials, Habib Kilic and Metin Özdemir
fell martyr, and deputy Nizamettin Toguc gravely wounded.
    On pretext of a statement I gave on September 15, 1993, I was arrested by the Ankara SSC. Excepted the periods of military coups, I am the only party president arrested in a period of parliamentary regime. I stayed in prison for three months. We gave 80 martyrs in attacks on DEP. This is a world record."
     The International Bureau for Solidarity with DEP in Brussels is chaired by Yasar Kaya. Belgian senator Germain Dufour takes part in the Bureau as secretary and Senator Paul Pataer as member.
    (Bureau International de Solidarité avec le DEP - Avenue Louise 129 A - 1050 Bruxelles, Tel: 32-2-539 30 33, Fax: 539 38 87)

STATE OF EMERGENCY EXTENDED

    The state of emergency was extended by the National Assembly on June 8, for the 21st time for another four months in 10 provinces of Turkish Kurdistan. Despite its promise of lifting this semi-military regime, the Social Democrat Populist Party (SHP) voted for the extension.
    During the heated parliamentary debate, DEP Deputy Mahmut Kilinc criticising the militarist option of the Government on the Kurdish Question, said: " Whichever country approaches the Kurdish question and the Kurdish people in the Middle East humanely and in a contemporary way will win the Kurds. You are wrong if you think killing 5 or 10 thousand PKK militants will solve this issue. Suppose you have eliminated the PKK, how will you prevent another PKK from coming on the scene?"
    Kilinc also claimed that 28 Kurds were recently killed in Adiyaman had been dragged by their feet and put in garbage trucks and buried in a mass grave. "At this time, the village of Levrek in Beytulsebap town in Hakkari and two hamlets are being burned. If you do not believe it, telephone now. The telephone number is 311 22 61. The area code is 488."
    Besides, referring to mysterious killings of some Kurdish businessmen, Kilinc accused Prime Minister of instigating the killers.
    "Look at what the prime minister said during the press conference on November 4, 1993. 'We know the names of the businessmen and artists from whom the PKK exacts money and we will ask for an accounting.' Look at what happened later. Behcet Cantürk was abducted on January 15, 1994 and killed. Fevzi Aslan and his nephew Salih Aslan were kidnapped and killed on March 289, 1994. Halil Alpsoy was taken into custody in Istanbul on May 17. He was found dead on May 24 near Kirikkale. Behcet Cantürk's attorney, Yusuf Ziya Ekinci, was killed. Savas Buldan, Haci Karay and Adnan Yildirim were killed. Do the policemen, do those who have radios and weapons in their hands have the right to take those people and kill them? If a prime minister says, 'There are 1250 names,' then she can disclose them and the police force and prosecutor can take the necessary action. A prime minister cannot ask for an accounting," Kilinc said.
    The Interior Minister Nahit Mentese, instead of contradicting those Kilinc said, accused the DEP deputy of speaking as if he were a PKK representative and asked the National Assembly to vote for the extension of the state of emergency.

CILLER DESTROYS TURKISH ECONOMY

    Only two months after Prime Minister Ciller launched on April 5 her controversial program to correct macroeconomic imbalances, Turkey's rampant inflation broke new recordings leading the Turkish industry to bankrupt and thousands of wage-earners to unemployment.
    The year-on-year wholesale price inflation in May soared to an all-time high 138.6 per cent, rising even faster than April's record of 125.3 per cent.  Contrary to what her supporters claim, there are no indications that inflation will decline noticeably in the coming months.
    Ciller's book of records is not limited to inflation rates only. The deficits on fiscal accounts (domestic and foreign) and deteriorating monetary controls are some other items on the list:
    The Treasury incurred fresh borrowing worth TL 40 trillion within 10 days and at record high interest rates — 50 per cent net on three-month treasury bills. The interest burden on the Treasury from only two bond issues is worth TL 20 trillion for a period of three months. In other words, the Treasury will have given up almost one-third of its proposed extra tax receipts to interest payments.
    As a Turkish citizen was paying only TL 10 thousand to buy a US Dollar at the beginning of the year, now he has to pay about TL 35 thousand to same purchase.
    The foreign debts of the country have already reached $70 billion.
    The annual foreign deficit planes at the level of $13 billion.
    One should add to this black table also the cost of the military operations against Kurds which is estimated by the government spokesmen at $10 billion per year.
    The economic catastrophe has reached such a level that it is for the first time in the Turkish Republic's history, the trade unions and industrialists,  facing a common danger, have decided to fight on the same front against the government and the banks.
    In fact, resisting the effect of the economic crisis for only three months, Turkey's leading car producer TOFAS, a branch of the country's number one industrial group Koc Holding company, laid off 2,404 of its workers.
    Inan Kirac, chief executive officer of Koc Holding has warned of social explosion: "Workers who are laid off used to be able to return to their villages and labour on the farms. Now they cannot. They are city people. When they are hungry, a social explosion, the most feared thing of all, could happen."
    Accusing the banks of imposing excessive lending rates and pushing the producers to the edge of bankruptcy, Kirac said: "No one is buying anything. This is very logical in an economy where the government offers 50 per cent net on three-month government papers. If the industrialists were to sink, the banks would do so too. Mrs. Ciller will not be able to save the banks. We, industrialists, will destroy them. Watch what will happen when the industrial sector debtors fail to repay their debts."
    Bayram Meral, chairman of the Turkey's biggest trade union confederation Türk-Is, said that the workers did not blame the employers for laying off workers under the circumstances. "It is simply the fault of the government. How would we accuse the producers? The banks are forcing them into crisis conditions."
    The main responsible for the economic crisis, Tansu Ciller, instead of bowing and resigning from her post, gave the IMF, in exchange of $725 million credit, a letter of intent promising more drastic economic measures to the detriment of working people, to freeze the wage increases and to decrease the agricultural support prices. As for the junior partner of the government, the SHP continues to support any drastic measure proposed by Ciller and shares all the responsibility of the economic earthquake.

SECOND CONQUEST OF ISTANBUL, BY RP

    After the violent "Bosna" demonstrations in Ankara and Istanbul after their electoral success, the RP Islamist staged their second mass action on the occasion of the 541st anniversary of the Conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul)  by Sultan Mehmed.
    A ceremony organized at Istanbul's Ali Sam Yen stadium on May 29, 1994, by the RP Mayor of Istanbul was turned into a show of force for the RP.
    The event began with a performance of marching tunes by the Ottoman Martial Music Band. But, when the time came for evening prayers, the ceremony was suspended for 15 minutes so that thousands people could pray on the grass-covered field.
    Entering the stadium in a convertible, Erbakan was cheered with the crowd chanting, "The brave leader of the Islamic world" and "Here is the army, here is the commander."
    In their speeches, RP leaders promised to convert the Saint-Sophia Museum into a mosque if their party comes to power in coming elections.
    On the other hand, the RP municipalities have already begun to impose their conservative concepts on cultural life. Ankara Metropolitan Mayor Melih Gökcek removed two sculptures from a public park on the grounds that there were "obscene."  He said: "We removed them from the park, because they were totally against moral values. I spit upon this kind of art. There will be no immoral art."
    The banned sculptures, "Passion" by Azade Köker and "In the Land of Nymphs" by Mehmet Aksoy are now in storage.
    On the other hand, the daily Cumhuriyet of May 2 reported that RP cells were becoming entrenched in the Interior Ministry. Some 700 of the 1,500 key ministry executives throughout the country (such as provincial and county governors or inspectors) are believed to be RP supporters. Of the country's 76 provincial governors, 24 have performed the pilgrimage to Mecca in the last few years at the invitation of the Saudi Arabian authorities.

RP MASS MEETING IN BELGIUM

    RP's another demonstration of force took place on June 11, 1994, in Antwerpen. The European side organization of the RP, the National Vision Organisations in Europe (AMGT) held  its annual congress at the biggest sport hall of the city with the participation of about 30 thousand Islamists coming from all European countries.
    Addressing the meeting, RP Chairman Necmeddin Erbakan said: "Our aim is to obtain an absolute  majority at the National Assembly, necessary to modify the constitution. It is no more possible to stop the Just Order storm which started at March 27, 1994 elections."
    A number of mayors elected on the RP ticket too were present at the congress as "guests of honour."
    The AMGT leaders raised once more in their speeches the objective to turn Islam into the strongest religion in Europe thanks to the presence of millions of Moslem migrant workers and to establish the RP's "just order" in Europe as well.

CONDEMNED FOR DEFENCE IN KURDISH

    The responsible editor of the weekly Welat, Mazhar Günbat was condemned on June 14 by the Istanbul SSC for having refused to defend himself in Turkish.
    At the beginning of his trial, the defendant had asked the presence of a Kurdish-Turkish translator in the court-room. "Since you indicted me for Kurdish articles bu having them translated in Turkish, you should have translated my defence in Kurdish  as well."  Despite the refusal of this demand, Günbat replied to the questions in Kurdish alone. The judge, claiming that the defendant replied to questions in a strange language, sentenced him to two years in prison and TL 320 thousand in fine.

TRADE UNIONIST IMPRISONED

    The former chairman of the Petroleum Workers' Union (Petrol Is), Münir Ceylan, was jailed on June 1 in the Saray prison located in Tekirdag where he will serve out his 20-month sentence. Ceylan has been tried under Article 312 of the Turkish Penal Code following the publication of an article on the assassination of trade unionists and progressive people in Batman.
    In the last three years alone, more than 350 people have fallen victim of political murders in Batman, the nerve-centre of Turkey's petrol industry. The security forces have been implicated in many of these killings. It is also in the middle of the continuing conflict between Turkish government forces and the PKK guerrillas.
    Victims of political violence have included members of the Petroleum Workers' Union (Petrol-Is), which has 62,000 members.
    The union's chairman, Münir Ceylan, decided it was time to speak out. In an article for Yeni Ülke newspaper, he called on workers to do whatever they could to halt the violence.
    Münir Ceylan was arrested and convicted of incitement to "enmity and hatred". The article itself did not advocate violence nor preach hatred. He was sentenced to 20 months.

VIRGINITY CONTROL ON WOMEN

    In a report released on June 5, 1994, the Human Rights Watch Women's Rights Project charged the Turkish Government with the forcible imposition of virginity control examinations on women in police custody.
    The report, A Matter of Power: State Control of Women's Virginity in Turkey, finds that police force female political detainees and common criminal suspects to undergo gynaecological examinations for the purpose of determining the status of their hymens. It also finds that state officials, who place no similar emphasis on male virginity, have subjected female hospital patients, state dormitory residents and women applying for government job to such exams. They also participate in virginity control exams instigated by private individuals.
    The report concludes that, despite Turkish Government pledges to address this problem, state agents continue to participate in this discriminatory and invasive practice in police custody and elsewhere. Human Rights Watch urges Prime Minister Tansu Ciller and the Turkish Government to publicly denounce this practice and to take action against those responsible.
    Based on a July 1993 mission to Turkey, the report documents cases of forcible virginity control exams. In the case of political detainees, police argue that the exams are necessary protection against custodial abuse. In fact, the exams are themselves abusive. Women victims of virginity exams report that the exams are degrading and often painful. In most instances, they involve the actual and threatened use of force and the insertion of a speculum or hand into the vagina.
    In one case Human Rights Watch investigated, two female journalists were detained for their suspected political activity and twice forced to undergo virginity exams after a state doctor threatened, "You better do this or they [the police] will force your legs apart for you."
    Political detainees are often taunted with the exams' results, threatened by guards that they will have their "virginity removed" (the report documents cases of custodial rape) and, on occasion, are subjected to exams as a form of punishment.
    Where common criminal suspects are concerned, police defend forcible virginity control as legitimate under laws governing public morality and prostitution. The report details how, rather than follow legal procedures, police abuse their power to monitor public behaviour by detaining women arbitrarily and forcing them to undergo exams to determine their virginity or whether they have engaged in recent sexual activity. In August 1992, Istanbul police detained a 39-year old grandmother and two of her friends while they were eating in a restaurant. Never charged, the women were subjected to vaginal exams against their will and held in a state venereal diseases hospital for over one week.
    Police not only subject political detainees and common criminal suspects to virginity control exams, but routinely and unfairly focus on female virginity when investigating sex crimes. Virginity exams are a common element of police investigations into allegations of sexual assault, despite the fact that no such emphasis is placed by the state on male virginity, that virginity is irrelevant as evidence of sexual assault and that, according to many gynaecologists, virginity is nod medically verifiable. Under Turkish law, gynaecological exams should occur only pursuant to a prosecutor or judge's request, for the purpose of collecting evidence of sexual assault (not virginity) and then only with the consent of the individual woman. Instead, Turkish authorities engage in the discriminatory and abusive practice of subjecting female complainants to virginity exams, often without their consent.
    As the report notes, in societies as diverse as China and Italy, female virginity is emphasised as an important social norm that operates as a means of controlling women's behaviour. Women who compromise their reputations as virgins may be regarded as unmarriageable or may be reviled by their family members. The threat of such consequences compels women to conform to the behavioural standards deemed honourable in their community.
    The state's own use of forcible virginity exams legitimises the regulation of female virginity in Turkey more generally where social and legal norms combine to equate the maintenance of female virginity with family or male honour. A woman's rights to bodily integrity and privacy are seen as subordinate to the family's interest in maintaining its honour, in part through the use of virginity control exams. Although the conduct of private individuals is largely outside the scope of the report, Human Rights Watch is concerned about state involvement in the conduct of invasive and degrading virginity control exams instigated by private individuals.
    Human Rights Watch commends the effort of some Turkish doctors to end the participation of medical professionals in abusive virginity exams. Many doctors, however, continue to subject women and girls to this gross invasion of their bodily integrity. The report calls on the entire Turkish medical community to refuse to participate in such exams. Human Rights Watch urges medical schools and organizations to oppose publicly virginity exams and to educate medical professionals of their rights and responsibilities. All health care providers should secure a woman's consent before performing any gynaecological exam.

"IN THE TORTURE ROOMS OF TURKEY"

    A young Turk who had been employed as a torturer during his military service and fled Turkey in revolt against this inhuman practice, revealed his dreadful experience in a book published in Dutch under the title of Faraç: In the torture rooms of Turkey.
    At a press conference held on June 15, 1994, in Brussels, on the occasion of the publication of his book, the author Mickaël Suphi said: "This book signs my death warrant. The organization for which I had worked does not support any treason. But I can no more keep my mouth shut."
    In fact, he said having received a number of menacing phone calls and having been attacked in the Geel Forest of Belgium by unidentified people attempting to obstruct the publication of the book.
    Mickaël Suphi, son of a Turkish immigrant family in Belgium, went to Turkey on August 24, 1987, for his military service. Since he can speak a number of foreign languages, after a one-month training in Kütahya, he was proposed by the National Intelligence Organization (MIT) a post of translator and receptionist. Under the influence of American spy films and in the hope of ending his 18-month military service in civil dressing he accepted this offer with a big pleasure. However, when he started to work in the service of the MIT, he was charged with interrogating the suspect people under torture.
    "After a few days, I was sent to Eskisehir and I was given a pseudonym: Faraç," said Suphi. "First two days, Murat, Metin and me, we were subjected to a brainwashing by two training officers named Vedat and Doctor. All training aimed to destroy our personality and to turn us into a machine without sentiment. They taught us in six weeks all those concerning torture, execution, manipulation and other dirty tasks. First two days we received theoretical courses on torture techniques. Then, every night we were awakened at 2 a.m. by Vedat, our chief, to put in practice that we learned in theoretical courses.
    "First night, we arrived at the torture room. There were three persons,
handcuffed, eyes and mouth covered with sticking plaster. Three guinea-pigs for three torturer candidates. An old man aged about sixty years and two others in their thirties were accused of opposition activities. They were tortured during two hours. Falaka and Palestinian hanger. Next day, the same thing. We tortured four persons of whom one journalist.  Dog cage and Cheese torture.  One day, they brought us a child of twelve years in maximum. It was a test to see if we had sufficiently been hardened. If we were capable to torture that child, we would be capable to do all they want. At that moment, I thought that a child could not be a terrorist and the others that we tortured too might be innocent. They might have been used as guinea-pigs for these inhuman treatments. I refused to torture the child. After that, I was subjected to beating, menace and psychological torture. The child was tortured by my colleagues. When I asked them if they did it, Metin bowed his head and I saw tears in Murat's eyes. I always remember these images during my never-ending nightmares. A few hours later, I had a big chance to escape from there. Thanks to some corrupted functionaries, I succeeded to flee Turkey and returned to Belgium.
    "You may ask me why I disclose this today and why not at the moment I came to Belgium. There are a number of reasons. First, I was conditioned in such way that I was in afraid of death. I also feared to put in danger the life of other persons like my two colleagues, because Vedat had told us that the life of each depends on the others. If anyone happened to talk, the two others would disappear and pay the price. I decided to keep silence and to forget all. I was married and told nothing neither to my wife nor to my family and friends. They knew very well that I was a deserter and that it was possible for me to return to Turkey. But they did not know the reality. They did now that I was Faraç.
    "In 1992, I applied for having Belgian nationality. One year later, in July 1993, just after the elections in Turkey, I received a phone call. The voice said to me "Faraç" and threatened me. I had never pronounced this name to anybody. A few days later, I received a second phone call. I was upset. I said "Good-bye" to my wife, my family and my friends and I went abroad to write all that I lived. Until now, I feel myself as a clock-bomb of that I was hearing its tic-tacs. Today, it is exploding here, at this press conference room..."
    The book published only in Dutch for the time being will be published in French in September 1994.  (Faraç: Relaas uit de Turkse folterkamers by Mickaël Suphi can be ordered to EPO - Lange Pastoorstraat 25-27, 2000 Berchem, Belgium.)

A FILE ON THE OPPRESSION OF ASSYRIANS

    By the side of the Kurds, the other minority peoples of the Middle East, particularly the Assyrians, are subjected to the persecution by the regional powers. To draw the attention to this dramatic situation, the Assyrian Democratic Organisation and the Human Rights Without Frontiers organisation issued a file and made it public on 1 June 1994 at a press conference held at the Belgian Parliamentarians' House.
    In the file take part, among other documents, the list of 200 Assyrian villages destroyed for thirty years and the list of 24 Assyrians assassinated in Turkey since 1990.
    During the press conference chaired by Belgian Senator Willy Kuijpers, a number of Assyrians coming from Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran witnessed on the inhuman and anti-democratic practices in these four countries.
    The Assyrians of Turkey said that, after the rise of Islam fundamentalism in Turkish local elections, their security in the big cities as Istanbul and Izmir where they could be hiding their ethnic identity will be in a greater danger.
    The file contains the following recommendations for the security of Assyrians:
    To the Turkish authorities:
    - To guarantee the security of life and property of the Assyrians of Tur Abdin for that they can continue to live on the land of their ancestors in dignity, peace and freedom, without any fear of violence and reprisal.
    - To ban all forms of violence by the military and police forces against Assyrian villages and their inhabitants and to pursue in justice whosoever commits such acts or gives order to do it.
    - To carry out diligent and profound inquiries for finding out and bringing before justice those responsible of the assassinations.
    - To allow Assyrians to create their cultural association, to speak publicly and to have education in their own language, to preserve their artistic and architectural patrimony, to restore and enlarge their churches and monasteries.
    To the ONU:
    - To apply integrally the Resolution 688 of the Security Council stipulating to put an end to the repression in Iraq,
    - To maintain a permanent presence near to Assyrian and Kurdish populations of Northern Iraq for providing them with a humanitarian aid according to their need.
    - To guarantee the accession of humanitarian organization to these populations in Iraq.
    - To lift in a selective way the sanctions taken by the United Nations against the Northern region of Iraq subjected to a double embargo.
    To European and Belgian parliaments:
    - To make pressure on Turkish and Iraqi authorities for the putting in application the above-mentioned recommendations.
    - To suspend arm delivery to Turkey.
    - To release frozen capitals for reconstruction of Northern Iraq.
    - To recognise the Assyrian ethnic and, to this end, to replace on the delivered identity cards:
        "ONU refugee coming from Turkey" by
        "ONU refugee of Assyrian origin" as it is already being applied for the Armenians and Kurds from Turkey.
    - To allow the Assyrian Community to teach their language and religion in public education schools.
    To NGOs:
    - To take initiative for contributing to economic development of the Assyrian community.
    - To financially support, as well in Iraq as in Turkey, the projects of:
        * construction of Assyrian villages and their religious edifices;
        * irrigation and extension of cultivable lands;
        * modernisation of agricultural equipment.
   
CILLER THREATENS GREECE

    After Greece announced its intention to raise its territorial limit to 12 miles, Prime Minister Ciller, in an interview to the daily Milliyet on June 8, 1994, said: "For Turkey the 12-mile territorial waters limit could be a cause of war in the Aegean Sea. I would land on the [Greek] islands in 24 hours if one day Greece commits the folly of openly attempting to raise its territorial limit to 12 miles and turning the Aegean into a Greek sea.
    It was in June 1974 that Greece first referred to the possibility of expanding its territorial waters from 6 miles to 12 miles. Turkey reacted sternly to that idea, announcing that 12 miles would be "a cause of war" and maintained this stance without change for 20 years.
    Although an international convention adopted by the majority of the countries having sea shores recognises the right to expand territorial waters to 12 miles, Turkey refused to sign this convention.
    The Greek intention is being discussed by the highest ranking Turkish military and civilian authorities. As an initial deterrent measure, Ankara  has decided to expand the capacity of the airfields on the Gökceada island and in Selcuk near Izmir.
    Although Ciller's war-monger declaration was applauded by the a big part of the media, even President Demirel did not appreciate such a declaration and suggested Ciller to be calmer.

STATE TERRORISM IN MAY

    1.5, unidentified gunmen shoot dead Mehmet Yücel in Batman and Hüseyin Özdemir in Nusaybin.
    1.5, the IHD Iskenderun office is raided and searched by police, IHD local chairman Sadullah Caglar detained.
    2.5, in Izmir, the police announce the arrest of eight people for pro-PKK and five people for pro-TDKP activities. In Derik, DEP candidate for mayorship Hadi Kabak and four other people are taken into custody.
    4.5, unidentified gunmen shoot dead Ibrahim Ertas in Diyarbakir.
    5.5, in Mersin, police raiding a house shoot dead a youth named Nezir Kücük.
    7.5, Kurdish tradesman Mehmet Serif Avsar who had been kidnapped in Diyarbakir on April 22 by village protectors is found assassinated in Silvan.
    8.5, the Iskenderun and Adana offices of the Human Rights' Association (IHD) are closed down by the order of the governors of these provinces.
    8.5, Interior Minister Nahit Mentese says that a total of 871 villages and hamlets have been depopulated since July 1987  in the frame of the anti-PKK operations. By this declaration, the fact of deportation happens to be confirmed by a government member.
    9.5, the Adana section of the Association for Freedoms and Rights (Özgür-Der) is closed down by the Governor's order.
    9.5, unidentified gunmen shoot dead Cuma Sezgin in Siverek, DEP official Medeni Göktepe and Ibrahim Gür in Batman.
    10.5, unidentified gunmen assassinate Necmettin Kaya  in Diyarbakir and Ibrahim Ergül in Batman.
    10.5, the police announce the arrest of 22 alleged Hizbullah members in Diyarbakir and Batman during last one-month operations.
    11.5, the Court of Cassation approves two death sentences and sends them to the National Assembly for ratification. One of the two condemned is PKK member Nizamettin Özoglu.
    11.5, the headman of the Kurudere Village in Hakkari, Bedel Özkan, and villager Hasan Ates who were detained on May 8 by security forces are found assassinated out of the village. The inhabitants of this village had a short time ago refused to serve as pro-government village protectors. 
    11.5, a hundred students hold a demonstration at the Kadiköy Square in Istanbul in protest against the rape of a high school girl, but police disperse them by using force and detain 30 demonstrators.
    11.5, in Ankara, the Chief Inspector of the Health Ministry, Namik Erdogan, who had been kidnapped on May 9 by unidentified people is found assassinated in Kirikkale.
    12.5, Kamil Gündogan (28) who had been detained by gendarmes in Lice on April 29 is found buried at the city graveyard. The legal medicine certified a number of torture traces on his body.
    12.5, IHD Deputy-Chairman Sedat Aslantas is taken into custody in Ankara. He is accused of having signed a joint communiqué of democratic organizations and trade unions announced on May 27, 1993 in Diyarbakir.
    12.5, in Diyarbakir, the headman of the Agilli Village, Nimet Barut who was detained  six days earlier by security forces is found assassinated in the mountains.
    13.5, the former Mayor of Diyarbakir, Mehdi Zana is arrested in Ankara by police on a court warrant.
    13.5, in Suruc (Urfa), Mustafa Ates falls victim of a political murder.
    14.5, unidentified gunmen shoot dead Naci Asutay, Ismail Asutay and Suphi Kaya in Diyarbakir
    14.5, security forces raiding the Yolcati Village in Bingöl, take peasants Resit Demirhan and Sabri Akdogan out of the village and shoot them to death.
    15.5, according to a recent report issued by a special commission of the National Assembly, 1,477 people have fallen victim of  suspected murders within a ten-year period from 1984 to 1993. The annual numbers are reported as follows: 1984 (3), 1985 (5), 1986 (8), 1987 (5), 1988 (24), 1989 (48), 1990 (44), 1991 (68), 1992 (732), 1993 (540).
    16.5, in Diyarbakir, unidentified gunmen shoot dead Mehmet Emin Alkan and wound Aydin Eksi.
    17.5, in Batman, a school director, Sitki Abdioglu is shot dead by unidentified gunmen.
    17.5, in Istanbul, a group of students demonstrating against the price hikes are dispersed by police force, six students detained.
    17.5, the Anti-War Association (SKD) in Istanbul is raided and closed by police. During the operation, ten people inside are arrested. Among them are also three Germans: Walker Thomas, Christon Arnich and Gerhart Lennert who are reportedly to be tried by the military court of Turkish General Staff.
    18.5, in Diyarbakir, high school student Kenan Aydin is shot dead by unidentified gunmen.
    19.5, in Istanbul, the churches Santa Maria and Saint Antoine are destroyed by the explosion of bombs placed by unidentified assailants. Some anonymous telephone calls to newspapers claim that sabotages were carried out by the Islamist IBDA-C Organization.
    24.5, in Gökcedag (Siirt), four shepherds detained by soldiers are found assassinated.
    24.5, Halil Alpsoy kidnapped in Istanbul on May 12 is found assassinated on the road Ankara-Kirikkale.
    25.5, twenty-two trade union chairmen and 54 trade union officials carrying out a hunger strike with the demand of trade union rights for civil servants  at the Guven Park in Ankara  are detained by police.
    25.5, the headman of the Dibek Village in Diyarbakir, Mehmet Sönmez, and 80-year old peasant Ali Yakar claims to have been tortured by police after their detention on May 17. They say having witnessed the torture to about 50 peasants brought from other villages.
    25.5, in Batman, an unidentified person is found killed under torture.
    27.5, in Tercan (Erzurum), a mob instigated by a right-wing journal raided the Justice House to lynch eight people detained for aiding the PKK.
    27.5, in Diyarbakir, Mehmet Havas who disappeared since May 25 is found assassinated within a sack.
    27.5, unidentified gunmen shoot dead Arafat Ölmez and Türkan Nardan in Adana.
    28.5, in Idil, Hasan Kaya is shot dead by unidentified assailants.
    28.5, a time-bomb is discovered and removed at the Greek Orthodox Patriarch House just before a religious ceremony.
    28.5, in Agri, police raiding the house of Mehmet Güler shoot dead his 11-year old son Tuncer Güler and wound another son.
    28.5, in Silvan, a 12-year old boy said to have been tortured after his detention on May 25 by soldiers who were forcing him to say the whereabouts of his elder brother Mehdi Kahraman.
    31.5, in Ankara, security forces announce the arrest of 12 Dev-Sol and 4 IBDA-C  members during the last 10-day operations.

PRESSURE ON THE MEDIA IN MAY

    1.5, during May Day celebrations in Ankara and Istanbul, a number of journalists are harassed and beaten by policemen. Three TV correspondents, Ergün Erdil, Alptekin Aydogan and Bengi Morgül are kept in detention for few hours and their cassettes seized.
    1.5, the first issue of a new periodical, Sterka Rizgari, and the issue N°102 of the weekly Azadi are confiscated by the Istanbul SSC for separatist propaganda.
    2.5, Sivas correspondent of the daily Özgür Gündem, Ferec Cobanoglu, claims to have been tortured after his detention along with a number of university students in custody.
    2.5, the Court of Cassation ratified the sentence against the director of the Pelê Sor Publishing House, Zeynel Abidin Kizilyaprak. He was sentenced by the istanbul SSC to six months in prison and TL 50 million in fine for having published a book entitled The Reminiscences of A Soldier-How did we fight against the Kurdish People?
    2.5, the responsible editor of the periodical Emegin Bayragi, Haydar Demir is placed under arrest by the Istanbul SSC for separatist propaganda in some articles he published on April 17, 1994.
    3.5, the IHD Secretary General Hüsnü Öndül is sentenced by the Ankara SSC to six months in prison and TL 53 million 850 thousand for having published in the IHD Bulletin an article by Sociologist Ismail Besikci. The court also sentences Besikci to a three-year imprisonment and a fine of TL 250 million for separatist propaganda in the said article.
    3.5, a recent IHD publication on the Kurdish villages burnt by security forces and  entitled The South-East Report 1993 is confiscated by the Ankara SSC for separatist propaganda. On the same ground, the SSC Prosecutor starts a legal proceeding against the IHD officials.
    4.5, the Court of Cassation ratifies the condemnation of the responsible editor of Devrimci Proletarya, Naile Tuncer, who had been sentenced by the Istanbul SSC to two years in prison and TL 100 million in fine. She has already been in Canakkale Prison Type A for serving another sentence ratified earlier.
    5.5, the Court of Cassation ratifies the condemnation of the responsible editor of the periodical Mücadele, Namik Kemal Cibaroglu, who had been sentenced by the Istanbul SSC to six months in prison and TL 50 million in fine. The higher court also ratifies a fine of TL 100 million against the magazine's owner Gülten Sesen.
    5.5, the director of the Basak Publishing House, Hikmet Kocak is sentenced by the Ankara SSC to six months in prison and TL 100 million in fine for having published the  book entitled We Turned Dawns to Newroz.  Basak had already been tried twice for this book; the first trial had ended in condemnation and the second in acquittal. The author of the book, Edip Polat is currently serving a two-year imprisonment.
    6.5, Publisher Ayse Nur Zarakolu, director of the Belge Publishing House, is imprisoned in Istanbul to serve a five-month sentence for having published Besikci's book The Program of the Republican People's Party (CHF) and The Kurdish Question.
    6.5,  author Namik Bektas' sentence of 20 months in prison and TL 208 million in fine for his book entitled The Law of Resistance and Renewal is ratified by the Court of Cassation.
    6.5, the periodical Devrimci Proletarya is closed for one month and Mücadele for fifteen days on the ratification of SSC judgement to this effect.
    6.5, sociologist Ismail Besikci is sentenced again by the Istanbul SSC to two years in prison and TL 100 million in fine for his articles published in Özgür Gündem of September 18, 1992.  At the same trial, the newspaper's owner Yasar Kaya is sentenced to a fine of TL 100 million and the responsible editor Isik Yurtcu to six months in prison and TL 50 million in fine.
    6.5, the Istanbul SSC, dealing with four separate trials against the daily Özgür Gündem, sentences the responsible editor Seyh Davut Karadag, to a one-year imprisonment and a fine of TL 276 million, and the publisher Yasar Kaya to TL 552 million in fine.
    6.5, a columnist of the weekly Azadi, Ibrahim Aksoy is sentenced by the SSC to two years in prison and TL 250 million in fine for his article published on January 10, 1993. The court also sentences the responsible editor Sedat Karakas to six months in prison and TL 50 million in fine and the publisher Ikramettin Oguz to TL 100 million.
    6.5, the Ankara SSC sentences Ismail Besikci to three months in prison and TL 250 million in fine for an article, The Moral Values of Humanity, published in the IHD newsletter. IHD Secretary General Hüsnü Öndül too is sentenced to six months in prison and TL 53 million in fine.
    7.5, the periodicals Taraf N°39, Halkin Gücü N°3, Azadi N°103, Newroz N°11 and Mücadele N°95 are confiscated by the Istanbul SSC for separatist propaganda.
    8.5, nineteen people visiting a member of the Musical Group Yorum, Kemal Sahir Gürel, who is at the Corlu Prison are taken into custody. After their release in the night, the detainees say to have been beaten, insulted and threatened at the police station.
    9.5, the Adana offices of the periodicals Medya Günesi, Barikat and Alinteri are raided and searched by police. Many documents and publications are confiscated.
    10.5, a book entitled The New World Order and Turkey, edited by journalists Hidir Göktas and Metin Gülbay, is confiscated by the Istanbul SSC for separatist propaganda. The book contains interviews with Deputy-Premier Karayalcin, Culture Minister Fikri Sönmez, ANAP Chairman Mesut Yilmaz and DEP Chairman Hatip Dicle.
    11.5, journalist-author Ragip Zarakolu is sentenced by the High Criminal Court N°2 of Istanbul to a ten-month imprisonment for insulting state security forces in his article published on November 11, 1993, by Özgür Gündem. The court also sentences the newspaper's responsible editor, Erkan Aydin, to the same punishment.
    11.5, the art review Marksist Damar N°5 is confiscated by the Istanbul SSC.
    12.5, sociologist Ismail Besikci is sentenced again by the Istanbul SSC to two years in prison and TL 250 million in fine for his article published in Özgür Gündem of August 12, 1993.  At the same trial, the newspaper's owner Yasar Kaya is sentenced to a fine of TL 273 million 650 thousand. With this new condemnation, the total of the prison terms to which Besikci has been sentenced rises to 34 years and 11 months, the fines to TL 2 billion 18 million. Of these sentences, 8 years and 6 months in prison  and TL 250 million have already been ratified by the Court of Cassation and Besikci is serving his punishment at the Ankara Prison.
    12.5, the former responsible editor of Özgür Gündem, Seyh Davut Karadag is sentenced by the Istanbul SSC to two years in prison and TL 321 in fine for some articles he published on May 24, 1993. In the same trial, the former owner of Özgür Gündem, Yasar Kaya too is sentenced to a fine of TL 287 million 400 thousand.
    13.5, the weekly Azadi is closed down for fifteen days on the ratification of a court decision. The Court of Cassation also ratified a 18-month imprisonment and TL 230 million fine against the newspaper's responsible editor Sedat Karatas and a fine of TL 250 million against publisher Ikramettin Oguz.
    15.5, the responsible editor of the daily Özgür Ülke, Kemal Ikea is arrested by the Istanbul SSC for some articles he published at last week.
    17.5, former responsible editor of Özgür Gündem, Seyh Davut Karadag is sentenced by the Istanbul SSC to six months in prison and TL 121 million in fine for some articles he published on June 25, 1993. The journal's owner Yasar Kaya too is sentenced to a fine of TL 242 million 514 thousand. The court also decides to close Özgür Gündem for ten days.
    17.5, two periodicals, Devrimci Alternatif N°2 and Iscinin Yolu N°23 are confiscated by the Istanbul SSC for separatist propaganda.
    18.5, Özgür Ülke Izmir correspondent Mehmet Emin Ünay is detained by police.
    19.5, the Court of Cassation ratifies the condemnation of the responsible editor of Özgür Halk, Hasan Tepe who was sentenced to two years and six months in prison and TL 150 million in fine. The higher court ratifies also a fine of TL 200 million against the periodical's owner Haydar Demir.
    22.5, three periodicals, Alinteri N°16, Halkin Gücü (special issue) and Emegin Bayragi N°116 are confiscated by the Istanbul SSC for separatist propaganda.
    23.5, Özgür Ülke Adana correspondent Ihsan Kurt is detained by police.
    25.5, three periodicals, Denge Azadi N°1, Devrimci Cözüm N°14 and monthly Hedef are confiscated by the Istanbul SSC for separatist propaganda.
    25.5, the director of the Sorun Publishing House, Sirri Öztürk is jailed to serve his 5-month imprisonment to which he was sentenced for having published a book entitled Prison Poems Anthology 1980-1990.
    25.5, the responsible editor of the review Yurtsever Emekciler, Cezmi Özdemir is sentenced by the Istanbul SSC to six months in prison and TL 50 million in fine according to the Anti-Terror Law.
    26.5, in Izmir, the Public Prosecutor bans the printing and distribution of a IHD tract against racist acts.
    26.5, the Military Court of Cassation ratifies the condemnation of the former chairman of Anti-War Association, Aytek Özel, who was sentenced by the military court of General Staff to two months in prison and TL 160 thousand for an article he wrote to the magazine Bakaya. Özel had already been sentenced to another prison term of one year and fifteen days by the same military court.
    27.5, five officials of the Izmir IHD are sentenced by a penal court to 18 months in prison and TL 150 thousand each for having held a demonstration on September 22, 1992, in protest against inhuman treatment of political detainees in the Buca Prison. The court also sentences 29 people, relatives of prisoners, to 18-month prison each for having participated in this demonstration.
    27.5, a former editor of Özgür Gündem, Besim Döner is sentenced by the Istanbul SSC to six months in prison and TL 63 million in fine for an article he published on October 3, 1993. Same day, two other former editors of Özgür Gündem, Kamil Celikten and Kenan Sahin too were sentenced to fines respectively TL 135 million and 50 million.  At the same trials, the court also sentences the journal's owner Yasar Kaya to a total of 399 million in fine.
    27.5, journalist Naile Tuncer is sentenced by the Ankara SSC to one year in prison and TL 250 million in fine for a book she edited under the title of The Occupation of Bosphorus. The court also sentences the director of Yurt Publishing House, Ünsal Öztürk, to one year in prison and TL 250 million in fine for having published this book.  Naile Tuncer who is the editor of the magazine Devrimci Proletarya has been in jail for eight months for serving prison terms to which she was sentenced earlier.
    27.5, the editor of the magazine Özgür Gelecek, Mustafa Demirdag is arrested for some articles he published on May 16.
    28.5, the private TV channel Kanal 6 is sentenced to a fine of TL 48 million for broadcasting the film Dream Voyagers containing some scenes on lesbian relations.
    28.5, Eskisehir correspondent of the periodical Mücadele, Hamit Akyüz is assailed and wounded by a neo-fascist MHP militant.
    29.5, the recent issues of five periodicals, Emegin Bayragi, Newroz, Denge Azadi, Dogru Secenek and Sterka Rizgari, are confiscated by the Istanbul SSC for separatist propaganda.
    30.5, a former Özgür Gündem editor, Kamil Celikten is sentenced by the Istanbul SSC to six months in prison and TL 68 million in fine for separatist propaganda. In other six different cases against the same journal, two former editors, Isik Yurtcu and Seyh Davut Karadag are sentenced respectively to TL 847 million and TL 45 million in fine. The publisher Yasar Kaya too is sentenced to a total of TL 908 million in fine.